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Gayanashagowa or the Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois (or ''Haudenosaunee'') Six Nations (Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, the Seneca and Tuscarora) is the oral constitution whereby the Iroquois Confederacy was bound together. The law was written on wampum belts, conceived by Dekanawidah, known as The Great Peacemaker, and his spokesman Hiawatha. The original five member nations ratified this constitution near modern-day Victor, New York, with the sixth nation (the Tuscarora) being added in c. 1722. The laws were first recorded and transmitted not in written language, but by means of wampum symbols that conveyed meaning. In a later era it was translated into English and various accounts exist. The Great Law of Peace is presented as part of a narrative noting laws and ceremonies to be performed at prescribed times. The laws called a constitution are divided into 117 articles. The united Iroquois nations are symbolized by an eastern white pine tree, called the ''Tree of Peace''. Each nation or tribe plays a delineated role in the conduct of government. Attempts to date the founding of the Iroquois Confederacy have focused on a reported solar eclipse, which many scholars identify as the one that occurred in 1451 AD though some debate exists with support for 1142. ==Narrative, Constitution, and Ceremony== The narratives of the Great Law exist in the languages of the member nations so spelling and usages vary. William N. Fenton observed that it came to serve a purpose as a social organization inside and among the nations, a constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy or League, ceremonies to be observed, and a binding history of peoples. Fenton also observed some 9 common points focusing more simply on the narrative story line,〔 though Christopher Vecsey identified 22 points shared across some two dozen versions of the narrative or parts of the narrative both direct and indirect: :Narrative # The Migration and Separation of the People (pre-history of the area) # The Birth and Growth of Deganawida # The Journey to the Mohawks, the Situation, and the Mission Explained # The Mother of Nations Accepts Deganawida's Message # The Cannibal Converts # The Prophets Prove Their Power # Tadadaho the Wizard Prevents Peace # Hiawatha's Relatives Are Killed # Hiawatha Mourns and Quits Onondaga # Hiawatha Invents Wampum # Hiawatha Gives the Mohawks Lessons in Protocol # Deganawida Consoles Hiawatha # Scouts Travel to Tadadaho # Deganawida and Hiawatha Join Oneidas, Cayugas, and Senecas to Mohawks # The Nations March to Tadadaho, Singing the Peace Hymn # Deganawida and Hiawatha Transform Tadadaho : Constitution of the Confederacy and social order of the member peoples # Deganawida and Hiawatha Establish Iroquois Unity and Law # Deganawida and Hiawatha Establish League Chiefs and Council Polity # The Confederacy Takes Symbolic Images # The League Declares Its Sovereignty (the Constitutional laws of the Confederacy) :Ceremony # The Condolence Maintains the Confederacy ( a sequence of ceremonies for grieving over a deceased chief and appointing a new one) # Deganawida Departs Barbara Mann has gathered version featuring conflicting but harmonized elements (who does what varies but what happens is more consistent than not,) or stories that tell distinct elements not shared in other versions, into a narrative she includes in the ''Encyclopedia of the Haudenosaunee'' published in 2000. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Great Law of Peace」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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